![]() ![]() ![]() By the late 1800s, 38 US states had anti-miscegenation statutes. In a speech in Charleston, Illinois in 1858, Abraham Lincoln stated, "I am not, nor ever have been in favor of making voters or jurors of negroes, nor of qualifying them to hold office, nor to intermarry with white people". The first anti-miscegenation law was passed by the Maryland General Assembly in 1691, criminalizing interracial marriage. Cities known for their widespread use of racial covenants include Chicago, Baltimore, Detroit, Milwaukee, Los Angeles, Seattle, and St. Ninety percent of the housing projects built in the years following World War II were racially restricted by such covenants. Racial covenants were employed by many real estate developers to "protect" entire subdivisions, with the primary intent to keep "white" neighborhoods "white". Housing segregation became a nationwide problem following the Great Migration of black people out of the South. Violence against blacks increased, with numerous lynchings through the turn of the century. During the same time as African Americans were being disenfranchised, white southerners imposed racial segregation by law. They continued to intimidate and violently attack blacks before and during elections to suppress their voting.įrom 1890 to 1908, southern states passed new constitutions and laws to disenfranchise African Americans and many Poor Whites by creating barriers to voter registration voting rolls were dramatically reduced as blacks and poor whites were forced out of electoral politics. For a short period of time, African American men voted and held political office, but as time went on they were increasingly deprived of civil rights, often under the racist Jim Crow laws, and African Americans were subjected to discrimination and sustained violence by white supremacists in the South.Īfter the disputed election of 1876, which resulted in the end of Reconstruction and the withdrawal of federal troops, whites in the South regained political control of the region's state legislatures. The civil rights movement was successful in achieving its goals and helped to ensure full legal equality for African Americans.Īfter the American Civil War and the subsequent abolition of slavery in the 1860s, the Reconstruction Amendments to the United States Constitution granted emancipation and constitutional rights of citizenship to all African Americans, most of whom had recently been enslaved. The civil rights movement also contributed to the growth of the Black Power movement, which sought to empower African Americans and gain greater control over their own lives. The movement achieved major victories, such as the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which outlawed segregation in public places, and the Voting Rights Act of 1965, which protected the right of African Americans to vote. The movement used peaceful protests, legal action, and civil disobedience to challenge segregation and discrimination. The civil rights movement was led by various organizations and people, including the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), and Dr. It also sought to end economic, educational, and social inequality for African Americans. It sought to achieve full legal equality for African Americans by eliminating segregation and discrimination in all areas of public life. The movement began in the 1950s and lasted through the 1960s. The civil rights movement was a social movement in the United States that sought to end racial segregation and discrimination against African Americans. ![]()
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